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1449 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 1449
Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
Natural Language Processing

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: Aarohi Srivastava, Abhinav Rastogi, Abhishek Rao, ..., Michael Strube, .., and_another_400_something_other_authors

Date Published: 1st May 2023

Publication Type: Journal

Mathematical modeling of Lynch syndrome carcinogenesis
Data Mining and Uncertainty Quantification

Abstract (Expand)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of disease-related death worldwide. In recent years, large amounts of data on cancer genetics and molecular characteristics have become available and accumulated … with increasing speed. However, the current understanding of cancer as a disease is still limited by the lack of suitable models that allow interpreting these data in proper ways. Thus, the highly interdisciplinary research field of mathematical oncology has evolved to use mathematics, modeling, and simulations to study cancer with the overall goal to improve clinical patient care. This dissertation aims at developing mathematical models and tools for different spatial scales of cancer development at the example of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome, the most common inherited colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome. We derive model-driven approaches for carcinogenesis at the DNA, cell, and crypt level, as well as data-driven methods for cancer-immune interactions at the DNA level and for the evaluation of diagnostic procedures at the Lynch syndrome population level. The developed models present an important step toward an improved understanding of hereditary cancer as a disease aiming at rapid implementation into clinical management guidelines and into the development of novel, innovative approaches for prevention and treatment.

Author: Saskia Haupt

Date Published: 28th Apr 2023

Publication Type: Doctoral Thesis

Learning to forecast: The Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting Challenge
Computational Statistics

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: Johannes Bracher, Nils Koster, Fabian Krüger, Sebastian Lerch

Date Published: 24th Apr 2023

Publication Type: Journal

Toward a common standard for data and specimen provenance in life sciences
Scientific Databases and Visualisation

Abstract (Expand)

Open and practical exchange, dissemination, and reuse of specimens and data have become a fundamental requirement for life sciences research. The quality of the data obtained and thus the findings and … knowledge derived is thus significantly influenced by the quality of the samples, the experimental methods, and the data analysis. Therefore, a comprehensive and precise documentation of the pre-analytical conditions, the analytical procedures, and the data processing are essential to be able to assess the validity of the research results. With the increasing importance of the exchange, reuse, and sharing of data and samples, procedures are required that enable cross-organizational documentation, traceability, and non-repudiation. At present, this information on the provenance of samples and data is mostly either sparse, incomplete, or incoherent. Since there is no uniform framework, this information is usually only provided within the organization and not interoperably. At the same time, the collection and sharing of biological and environmental specimens increasingly require definition and documentation of benefit sharing and compliance to regulatory requirements rather than consideration of pure scientific needs. In this publication, we present an ongoing standardization effort to provide trustworthy machine-actionable documentation of the data lineage and specimens. We would like to invite experts from the biotechnology and biomedical fields to further contribute to the standard.

Authors: Rudolf Wittner, Petr Holub, Cecilia Mascia, Francesca Frexia, Heimo Müller, Markus Plass, Clare Allocca, Fay Betsou, Tony Burdett, Ibon Cancio, Adriane Chapman, Martin Chapman, Mélanie Courtot, Vasa Curcin, Johann Eder, Mark Elliot, Katrina Exter, Carole Goble, Martin Golebiewski, Bron Kisler, Andreas Kremer, Simone Leo, Sheng Lin‐Gibson, Anna Marsano, Marco Mattavelli, Josh Moore, Hiroki Nakae, Isabelle Perseil, Ayat Salman, James Sluka, Stian Soiland‐Reyes, Caterina Strambio‐De‐Castillia, Michael Sussman, Jason R. Swedlow, Kurt Zatloukal, Jörg Geiger

Date Published: 18th Apr 2023

Publication Type: Journal

A Gaussian process cross-correlation approach to time-delay estimation in active galactic nuclei
Astroinformatics

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: F. Pozo Nunez, N. Gianniotis, K.L. Polsterer

Date Published: 18th Apr 2023

Publication Type: Journal

Collagen breaks at weak sacrificial bonds taming its mechanoradicals
Molecular Biomechanics, Computational Carbon Chemistry

Abstract (Expand)

Collagen is a force-bearing, hierarchical structural protein important to all connective tissue. In tendon collagen, high load even below macroscopic failure level creates mechanoradicals by homolytic … bond scission, similar to polymers. The location and type of initial rupture sites critically decide on both the mechanical and chemical impact of these micro-ruptures on the tissue, but are yet to be explored. We here use scale-bridging simulations supported by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to determine breakage points in collagen. We find collagen crosslinks, as opposed to the backbone, to harbor the weakest bonds, with one particular bond in trivalent crosslinks as the most dominant rupture site. We identify this bond as sacrificial, rupturing prior to other bonds while maintaining the material’s integrity. Also, collagen’s weak bonds funnel ruptures such that the potentially harmful mechanoradicals are readily stabilized. Our results suggest this unique failure mode of collagen to be tailored towards combatting an early onset of macroscopic failure and material ageing.

Authors: Benedikt Rennekamp, Christoph Karfusehr, Markus Kurth, Aysecan Ünal, Kai Riedmiller, Ganna Gryn’ova, David M. Hudson, Frauke Gräter

Date Published: 12th Apr 2023

Publication Type: Journal

Disulfide Bond Reduction and Exchange in von-Willebrand-Factor’s C4-Domain Undermines Platelet Binding
Molecular Biomechanics

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: Fabian Kutzki, Diego Butera, Angelina J. Lay, Denis Maag, Joyce Chiu, Heng-Giap Woon, Tomáš Kubař, Marcus Elstner, Camilo Aponte-Santamaría, Philip J. Hogg, Frauke Gräter

Date Published: 12th Apr 2023

Publication Type: Journal

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